1. Site Survey and Layout

1.1 Purpose:
To ensure accurate and precise site survey and layout for the construction of water and sewer treatment plants, establishing the foundation for subsequent construction activities.

1.2 Scope:
This work instruction applies to all personnel involved in site survey and layout activities, including surveyors, engineers, and superintendents.

1.3 Responsibilities:

• Surveyor: Conducts the site survey and layout according to the project design specifications.
• Engineer: Verifies the accuracy of survey data and coordinates with the surveyor.
• Superintendent: Oversees the process, ensuring compliance with project requirements and regulatory standards.

1.4 Materials and Equipment:

• Total Station or Theodolite
• GPS Survey Equipment
• Measuring Tapes
• Survey Markers and Stakes
• Site Plans and Design Documents
• Safety Gear (helmets, vests, boots)

1.5 Procedure:

1.6 Preparation:

• Review the project design documents and site plans.
• Conduct a preliminary visit to the site to familiarize with the terrain and existing conditions.
• Ensure all survey equipment is calibrated and in good working condition.
• Hold a briefing with the survey team to outline tasks and safety procedures.

1.7 Site Survey:

• Establish Control Points:
  Identify and establish primary control points using GPS equipment.
  Ensure control points are well-documented and marked with stakes or markers.
• Conduct Topographic Survey:
  Use the total station or theodolite to capture detailed topographic data.
  Record elevations, contours, and key features such as existing structures, vegetation, and utilities.
  Transfer data to survey software for analysis and mapping.

1.8 Layout:

• Reference Points:
  Use control points to establish reference points for layout.
  Verify the accuracy of reference points by cross-checking with design documents.
• Marking Layout:
  Mark the boundaries of the construction site with stakes or flags.
  Layout the positions of key structures (e.g., tanks, buildings, pipelines) as per design plans.
  Ensure all markings are clear, precise, and protected from potential disturbances.

1.9 Verification:

• Conduct a thorough check to ensure all measurements and markings align with the design specifications.
• Re-measure and adjust any discrepancies found during verification.
• Document all measurements, coordinates, and layout details.

1.10 Reporting:

• Prepare a detailed survey report, including maps, coordinates, and layout plans.
• Submit the survey report to the project engineer for review and approval.
• Maintain records of all survey data and reports for future reference.

1.11 Safety Considerations:

• Ensure all personnel wear appropriate safety gear.
• Be aware of and avoid hazards such as uneven terrain, traffic, and utilities.
• Follow site-specific safety protocols and emergency procedures.

1.12 Quality Control:

• Regularly calibrate and maintain survey equipment.
• Conduct periodic audits of survey data to ensure accuracy.
• Implement corrective actions for any deviations or errors identified during audits.

1.13 Approval and Review:

• Prepared by: George Bunker
• Date: 07/01/2024
   

1.14 Note: This work instruction must be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect any changes in project requirements, equipment, or procedures.

 

2. Excavation and Earthworks

2.1 Purpose:
To ensure safe, efficient, and compliant execution of excavation and earthworks activities for the construction of water and sewer treatment plants.

2.2 Scope:
This work instruction applies to all personnel involved in excavation and earthworks activities, including equipment operators, laborers, engineers, and superintendents.

2.3 Responsibilities:

• Site Supervisor: Oversees excavation and earthworks, ensuring adherence to plans and safety protocols.
• Equipment Operators: Perform excavation using machinery, following instructions and safety guidelines.
• Laborers: Assist in manual excavation tasks and site preparation.
• Engineer: Verifies excavation depths, slopes, and ensures compliance with design specifications.
• Safety Officer: Monitors safety practices and ensures compliance with safety regulations.

2.4 Materials and Equipment:

• Excavators
• Bulldozers
• Loaders
• Dump Trucks
• Shovels, Spades, and Picks
• Survey Equipment
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - helmets, gloves, boots, high-visibility
• vests

2.5 Procedure:

2.6 Preparation:

• Review project plans and excavation drawings.
• Conduct a site walk to identify and mark utilities, access routes, and excavation areas.
• Obtain necessary permits and approvals from relevant authorities.
• Brief the excavation team on tasks, safety procedures, and emergency protocols.

2.7 Site Setup:

• Install site fencing and safety signage around the excavation area.
• Set up access routes for machinery and personnel.
• Establish and mark control points and reference lines using survey equipment.

2.8 Excavation:

• Topsoil Removal:
  
  • Remove and stockpile topsoil separately for later use in site restoration.
• Bulk Excavation:
  
  • Excavate according to the design depth and dimensions using excavators and bulldozers.
  • Ensure slopes and benching are maintained as per safety regulations to prevent collapse.
• Loading and Hauling:
  
  • Load excavated material into dump trucks for transportation to designated disposal or storage areas.
  • Monitor and control dust by watering down the excavation site as needed.

2.9 Earthworks:

• Grading:
  
  • Grade the excavated area to the specified levels and slopes using bulldozers and graders.
  • Regularly check grades and slopes with survey equipment to ensure accuracy.
• Compaction:
  
  • Compact the subgrade using rollers and compactors to achieve the required soil density.
  • Perform field density tests to confirm compaction meets design specifications.
• Safety Considerations:
  
  • Ensure all personnel wear appropriate PPE at all times.
  • Maintain clear communication and use hand signals or radios for coordination.
  • Keep a safe distance from operating machinery and avoid standing near excavation edges.
  • Monitor weather conditions and cease excavation during adverse weather (e.g., heavy rain, lightning).
• Quality Control:
  
  • Conduct regular inspections to ensure excavation depth, dimensions, and slopes meet design specifications.
  • Verify the stability of excavated areas and implement additional shoring or bracing if required.
  • Document all inspections, tests, and any deviations from the plan.
• Reporting and Documentation:
  
  • Maintain daily logs of excavation activities, including equipment used, volumes excavated, and any incidents.
  • Prepare and submit progress reports to the project manager.
  • Keep records of all permits, test results, and inspections.
• Completion and Cleanup:
  
  • Ensure all excavated material is disposed of or stored according to environmental regulations.
  • Clean and restore the site, including regrading and spreading stockpiled topsoil as needed.
  • Remove temporary fencing, signage, and access routes.

2.10 Approval:

• Prepared by: George Bunker
• Date: 07/01/2024

2.11 Note: This work instruction must be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect any changes in project requirements, equipment, or procedures.

 

3. Temporary Facilities and Access Roads

3.1 Purpose:
To ensure the safe and efficient setup of temporary facilities and access roads to support construction activities for water and sewer treatment plants.

3.2 Scope:
This work instruction applies to all personnel involved in the construction and maintenance of temporary facilities and access roads, including site supervisors, laborers, and superintendents.

3.3 Responsibilities:

• Site Supervisor: Oversees the setup and maintenance of temporary facilities and access roads, ensuring adherence to plans and safety protocols.
• Laborers: Assist in the construction and maintenance of temporary facilities and access roads.
• Engineer: Ensures the design and layout of facilities and roads meet project requirements.
• Safety Officer: Monitors safety practices and ensures compliance with safety regulations.

3.4 Materials and Equipment:

• Graders and Bulldozers
• Compacting Equipment
• Gravel and Aggregate
• Prefabricated Office Units
• Portable Toilets and Sanitation Facilities
• Water Supply and Storage Tanks
• Electrical Generators and Distribution Boards
• Fencing and Signage
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - helmets, gloves, boots, high-visibility vests

3.5 Procedure:

3.6 Preparation:

• Review site plans and layouts for temporary facilities and access roads.
• Conduct a site survey to identify suitable locations and routes.
• Obtain necessary permits and approvals from relevant authorities.
• Brief the team on tasks, safety procedures, and emergency protocols.

3.7 Site Clearing and Grading:

• Clear vegetation, debris, and obstacles from the designated areas.
• Use graders and bulldozers to level the ground and create a stable base for roads and facilities.

3.8 Access Road Construction:

3.9 Subgrade Preparation:

• Excavate and remove unsuitable soil.
• Grade and compact the subgrade to ensure stability.

3.10 Base Layer:

• Spread and compact a layer of gravel or aggregate to form the base of the road.

3.11 Surface Layer:

• Apply and compact a surface layer of finer gravel or aggregate to create a smooth driving surface.

3.12 Drainage:

• Install ditches, culverts, or other drainage systems to prevent water accumulation on roads.

3.13 Signage and Safety:

• Erect signage indicating road routes, speed limits, and safety warnings.
• Install barriers or fencing as needed to guide traffic and protect pedestrians.

3.14 Temporary Facilities Setup:

3.15 Office Units and Storage:

• Install prefabricated office units for administrative activities.
• Set up storage containers or sheds for equipment and materials.

3.16 Sanitation Facilities:

• Place portable toilets and handwashing stations at convenient locations.
• Ensure regular maintenance and cleaning of sanitation facilities.

3.17 Water and Power Supply:

• Install water storage tanks and connect them to a reliable water supply.
• Set up electrical generators and distribute power to temporary facilities.

3.18 Safety and Security:

• Erect fencing around the facility area to secure the site.
• Install adequate lighting for security and safe navigation at night.

3.19 Maintenance:

3.20 Road Maintenance:

• Regularly inspect access roads for wear and damage.
• Repair potholes, erosion, or other issues promptly.

3.21 Facility Maintenance:

• Perform routine checks and maintenance on temporary facilities.
• Ensure continuous water and power supply.

3.22 Sanitation and Cleanliness:

• Maintain cleanliness of all facilities.
• Schedule regular waste collection and disposal.

3.23 Safety Considerations:

• Ensure all personnel wear appropriate PPE at all times.
• Maintain clear communication and follow site safety protocols.
• Keep a safe distance from operating machinery.
• Monitor weather conditions and adapt work plans as necessary to ensure safety.

3.24 Quality Control:

• Conduct regular inspections to ensure roads and facilities meet design specifications and safety standards.
• Document any issues and implement corrective actions promptly.

3.25 Reporting and Documentation:

• Maintain daily logs of construction activities, including equipment used and any incidents.
• Prepare and submit progress reports to the project manager.
• Keep records of all permits, test results, and inspections.

3.26 Approval:

• Prepared by: George Bunker
• Date: 07/01/2024
   

3.27 Note: This work instruction must be reviewed and updated regularly to reflect any changes in project requirements, equipment, or procedures.